My Project
2-D Movie:
INTRODUCTION TO ANIMATION
Animation
is the rapid display of a sequence of images of 2-D or 3-D artwork or model
positions to create an illusion
of movement. The effect is an optical illusion
of motion
due to the phenomenon of persistence of
vision, and can be created and demonstrated in several ways. The
most common method of presenting animation is as a motion picture or video
program, although there are other methods.
Computer animation
Computer animation encompasses a
variety of techniques, the unifying factor being that the animation is created
digitally on a computer. This animation takes less time than previous
traditional animation.
2D
animation
2D animation
figures are created and/or edited on the computer using 2D bitmap graphics
or created and edited using 2D vector graphics.
This includes automated computerized versions of traditional animation
techniques such as of, interpolatedmorphing, onion skinning
and interpolatedrotoscoping.
2D animation has many applications,
including analog computer
animation, Flash animation
and PowerPoint animation. Cinema graphs are still photographs
in the form of an animated GIF
file of which part is animated.
3D
animation
3D animation is digitally modeled and manipulated
by an animator. To manipulate a mesh, it is given a digital skeletal structure
that can be used to control the mesh. This process is called rigging. Various
other techniques can be applied, such as mathematical functions (ex. gravity,
particle simulations), simulated fur or hair, effects such as fire and water
and the use of motion capture
to name but a few, these techniques fall under the category of 3D dynamics.
Well-made 3D
animations can be difficult to distinguish from live action and are commonly
used as visual effects
for recent movies. Toy Story
(1995, USA) is the first feature-length film to be created and rendered
entirely using 3D graphics.
TYPES OF
ANIMATION
Traditional
animation
Traditional animation (also called cel
animation or hand-drawn animation) was the process used for most animated films
of the 20th century. The individual frames of a traditionally animated film are
photographs of drawings, which are first drawn on paper. To create the illusion
of movement, each drawing differs slightly from the one before it. The
animators' drawings are traced or photocopied onto transparent acetate sheets
called cels,
which are filled in with paints in assigned colors or tones on the side
opposite the line drawings. The completed character cels are photographed
one-by-one onto motion picture film against a painted background by a rostrum camera.
The traditional cel animation process
became obsolete by the beginning of the 21st century. Today, animators'
drawings and the backgrounds are either scanned into or drawn directly into a
computer system. Various software
programs are used to color the drawings and simulate camera movement and
effects. The final animated piece is output to one of several delivery media,
including traditional 35 mm film
and newer media such as digital video.
The "look" of traditional cel animation is still preserved, and the character animators'
work has remained essentially the same over the past 70 years. Some animation
producers have used the term "tradigital" to describe cel animation
which makes extensive use of computer technology.
Examples of traditionally animated
feature films include Pinocchio
(United States, 1940), Animal Farm
(United Kingdom, 1954), and Akira
(Japan, 1988). Traditional animated films which were produced with the aid of
computer technology include The Lion King
(US, 1994) Sen to Chihiro no
Kamikakushi (Spirited Away) (Japan, 2001), and Les Triplettes de
Belleville (France, 2003).
▪ Full
animation refers to the process of producing high-quality
traditionally animated films, which regularly use detailed drawings and
plausible movement. Fully animated films can be done in a variety of styles,
from more realistically animated works such as those produced by the Walt Disney studio (Beauty and the Beast, Aladdin, Lion King) to the more 'cartoony' styles of
those produced by the Warner Bros.
animation studio. Many of the Disney animated
features are examples of full animation, as are non-Disney works
such as The Secret of NIMH
(US, 1982), The Iron Giant
(US, 1999), and Nocturna
(Spain, 2007).
▪ Limited animation
involves the use of less detailed and/or more stylized drawings and methods of
movement. Pioneered by the artists at the American studio United Productions
of America, limited animation can be used as a method of stylized
artistic expression, as in Gerald McBoing Boing
(US, 1951), Yellow Submarine
(UK, 1968), and much of the anime
produced in Japan. Its primary use, however, has been in producing
cost-effective animated content for media such as television (the work of Hanna-Barbera, Filmation, and other TV animation studios) and
later the Internet (web cartoons).
▪ Rotoscoping
is a technique, patented by Max Fleischer
in 1917, where animators trace live-action movement, frame by frame. The source film can be
directly copied from actors' outlines into animated drawings, as in The Lord of the
Rings (US, 1978), or used in a stylized and expressive manner, as
in Waking Life
(US, 2001) and A Scanner Darkly
(US, 2006). Some other examples are: Fire and Ice
(USA, 1983) and Heavy Metal
(1981).
▪ Live-action/animation
is a technique, when combining hand-drawn characters into live action shots.
One of the earlier uses of it was Koko the Clown
when Koko was drawn over live action footage. Other examples would include Who Framed Roger
Rabbit (USA, 1988), Space Jam (USA, 1996) and Osmosis Jones
(USA, 2002).
Stop
motion animation
Stop-motion animation is used to
describe animation created by physically manipulating real-world objects and
photographing them one frame of film at a time to create the illusion of
movement. There are many different types of stop-motion animation, usually
named after the medium used to create the animation. Computer software is widely
available to create this type of animation.
▪ Puppet animation
typically involves stop-motion puppet figures interacting with each other in a
constructed environment, in contrast to the real-world interaction in model
animation. The puppets generally have an armature
inside of them to keep them still and steady as well as constraining them to
move at particular joints. Examples include The Tale of the Fox
(France, 1937), The Nightmare Before
Christmas (US, 1993), Corpse Bride
(US, 2005), Coraline
(US, 2009), the films of JiříTrnka
and the TV series Robot Chicken
(US, 2005–present).
▪ Clay animation,
or Plasticine animation often abbreviated as claymation, uses figures
made of clay or a similar malleable material to create stop-motion animation.
The figures may have an armature
or wire frame inside of them, similar to the related puppet animation (below),
that can be manipulated to pose the figures. Alternatively, the figures may be
made entirely of clay, such as in the films of Bruce Bickford,
where clay creatures morph into a variety of different shapes. Examples of
clay-animated works include The Gumby Show
(US, 1957–1967) Morph
shorts (UK, 1977–2000), Wallace and Gromit
shorts (UK, as of 1989), Jan Švankmajer'sDimensions of
Dialogue (Czechoslovakia,
1982), The Trap Door
(UK, 1984). Films include Wallace &Gromit:
The Curse of the Were-Rabbit, Chicken Run
and The Adventures of
Mark Twain.
▪ Cutout animation
is a type of stop-motion animation produced by moving 2-dimensional pieces of
material such as paper or cloth. Examples include Terry Gilliam's
animated sequences from Monty Python's
Flying Circus (UK, 1969–1974); Fantastic Planet
(France/Czechoslovakia, 1973) ;Tale of Tales
(Russia, 1979), The pilot episode of the TV series (and sometimes in episodes)
of South Park
(US, 1997).
▪
Silhouette animation
is a variant of cutout animation in which the characters are backlit and only
visible as silhouettes. Examples include The Adventures of
Prince Achmed (Weimar Republic,
1926) and Princes et
princesses (France, 2000).
▪
Model animation
refers to stop-motion animation created to interact with and exist as a part of
a live-action world. Intercutting, matte
effects, and split screens are often employed to blend stop-motion characters
or objects with live actors and settings. Examples include the work of Ray Harryhausen,
as seen in films such Jason and the
Argonauts (1963), and the work of Willis O'Brien
on films such as King Kong
(1933 film).
▪
Go motion
is a variant of model animation which uses various techniques to create motion blur between frames of film, which is not
present in traditional stop-motion. The technique was invented by Industrial Light
& Magic and Phil Tippett to create special effects
scenes for the film The Empire Strikes
Back (1980). Another example is the dragon named Vermithrax
from Dragonslayer
(1981 film).
▪
Object animation
refers to the use of regular inanimate objects in stop-motion animation, as
opposed to specially created items.
▪
Graphic animation
uses non-drawn flat visual graphic material (photographs, newspaper clippings,
magazines, etc.), whichare sometimes manipulated frame-by-frame to create
movement. At other times, the graphics remain stationary, while the stop-motion
camera is moved to create on-screen action.
▪
Brickfilm A
sub genre of object animation involving using LEGO or other similar brick toys to make an
animation. These have had a recent boost in popularity with the advent of video
sharing sites like YouTube,
and the availability of cheap cameras, and animation software.
Pixilation
involves the use of live humans as stop motion characters. This allows for a
number of surreal effects, including disappearances and reappearances, allowing
people to appear to slide across the ground, and other such effects. Examples
of pixilation include The Secret
Adventures of Tom Thumb and Angry Kid shorts.
Other
animation techniques
▪ Drawn on film
animation: a technique where footage is produced by creating the
images directly on film stock,
for example by Norman McLaren, Len Lye and Stan Brakhage.
▪ Paint-on-glass
animation: a technique for making animated films by manipulating slow
drying oil paints
on sheets of glass,
for example by AleksandrPetrov.
▪ Pinscreen animation:
makes use of a screen filled with movable pins, which can be moved in or out by
pressing an object onto the screen. The screen is lit from the side so that the
pins cast shadows. The technique has been used to create animated films with a
range of textural effects difficult to achieve with traditional cel animation.
▪ Sand animation:
sand is moved around on a back- or front-lighted piece of glass to create each
frame for an animated film. This creates an interesting effect when animated
because of the lightcontrast.
Flip book:
A flip book (sometimes, especially in British English, called a flick book) is
a book with a series of pictures that vary one page to the next, so that when
the pages are turned rapidly, the pictures appear to animate by simulating
motion or some other change. Software packages and websites are also available
that convert digital video files into custom-made flip books.
An Egyptianburial chambermural, approximately 4000 years old, showingwrestlers in action. Even
though this may appear similar to a series of animation drawings, there was no
way of viewing the images in motion. It does, however, indicate the artist's
intention of depicting motion.
Early examples of attempts to capture
the phenomenon of motion drawing can be found in paleolithiccave paintings,
where animals are depicted with multiple legs in superimposed positions,
clearly attempting to convey the perception of motion.
A 5,000 year old earthen bowl found in
Iran in Shahr-iSokhta
has five images of a goat painted along the sides. This has been claimed to be
an example of early animation. However, since no equipment existed to show the
images in motion, such a series of images cannot be called animation in a true
sense of the word.[1]
A Chinese zoetrope-type device had been invented in
180 AD.[2] The phenakistoscope, praxinoscope, and the common flip book were early popular animation devices
invented during the 19th century.
These devices produced the appearance
of movement from sequential drawings using technological means, but animation
did not really develop much further until the advent of cinematography.
There is no single person who can be
considered the "creator" of film animation, as there were several
people working on projects which could be considered animation at about the
same time.
Georges Méliès
was a creator of special-effect films; he was generally one of the first people
to use animation with his technique. He discovered a technique by accident
which was to stop the camera rolling to change something in the scene, and then
continue rolling the film. This idea was later known as stop-motion animation.
Méliès discovered this technique accidentally when his camera broke down while
shooting a bus driving by. When he had fixed the camera, a hearse happened to
be passing by just as Méliès restarted rolling the film, his end result was
that he had managed to make a bus transform into a hearse. This was just one of
the great contributors to animation in the early years.
The earliest surviving stop-motion
advertising film was an English short by Arthur
Melbourne-Cooper called Matches: An Appeal
(1899). Developed for the Bryant and May
Matchsticks company, it involved stop-motion animation of wired-together
matches writing a patriotic call to action on a blackboard.
J. Stuart Blackton
was possibly the first American film-maker to use the techniques of stop-motion
and hand-drawn animation. Introduced to film-making by Edison,
he pioneered these concepts at the turn of the 20th century, with his first
copyrighted work dated 1900. Several of his films, among them The Enchanted Drawing (1900) and Humorous Phases of Funny Faces (1906) were film versions of
Blackton's "lightning artist" routine, and utilized modified versions
of early stop-motion techniques to make
a series of blackboard
drawings appear to move and reshape themselves. 'Humorous Phases of Funny
Faces' is regularly cited as the first true animated film, and Blackton is
considered the first true animator.
Another French artist, ÉmileCohl,
began drawing cartoon strips and created a film in 1908 called Fantasmagorie.
The film largely consisted of a stick figure moving about and encountering all
manner of morphing objects, such as a wine bottle that transforms into a
flower. There were also sections of live action where the animator’s hands
would enter the scene. The film was created by drawing each frame on paper and
then shooting each frame onto negative film,
which gave the picture a blackboard look. This makes Fantasmagorie the
first animated film created using what came to be known as traditional
(hand-drawn) animation.
Following the successes of Blackton and
Cohl, many other artists began experimenting with animation. One such artist
was Winsor McCay,
a successful newspaper cartoonist, who created detailed animations that
required a team of artists and painstaking attention for detail. Each frame was
drawn on paper; which invariably required backgrounds and characters to be
redrawn and animated. Among McCay's most noted films are Little Nemo
(1911), Gertie the Dinosaur
(1914) and The Sinking of the
Lusitania (1918).
The production of animated short films,
typically referred to as "cartoons", became an industry of its own
during the 1910s, and cartoon shorts were produced to be shown in movie theaters.
The most successful early animation producer was John Randolph Bray,
who, along with animatorEarl Hurd, patented the cel animation
process which dominated the animation industry for the rest of the decade.
CONCEPT
In a village there lived a new born
small parrot in a tree, after seeing other birds, Parrot will got a wish to
fly,, So very next day when it attempts to fly, it will fall down near a house,
two girls from house will catch the parrot and they will put it to a cage.
After few days the two girls will get confused whether parrot will fly and go
somewhere or it again come to cage. When they opened cage, But after opening
cage. Parrots will flew away and tell to girls that birds should not be in a
cage, I should fly freely!!!
STEPS
Step 1
Go to Start Menu and select “Adobe flashCs4”
Step 2
Now select action script3.0.
Step 3
Now in the background a natural scene is
drawn and row the home and trees were been drawn using pen tool and the
appropriate colors have been applied.
Step 4
Now inside the home the characters were
drawn. By using the pen tool the characters are drawn.
Step 5
Now a tree is drawn in opposite side of
the home and now the tree is zoomed to upwards.
Step 6
Now in the tree a baby parrot is waiting
for the mother parrots.
This animation is
done by frame by have and the pen tool is used to draw the parrots and gradient
tool is tilled for the color.
Step 7
Now a new frame is created in this frame
the baby parrot is shown as trying to fly and other frames were created to
perform the animation as the baby parrot is falling down by continuous of frame
set.
Step 8
Now a new shot is created by using many
frames. Now in the background the door step was drawn and there the 2 small
children’s were shown these were done by using pen tool and appropriate color
is filled.
Step 9
Another scene is
created by showing the baby parrot inside the cage in the home. In the
background is filled by the gradient color. Now the cage is drawn using the pen
tool and the gradients color is filled.
Step 10
Now the new scene is created as the two
small children are enjoying the visited of the baby parrot. This is done by a
sequence of frames. Have the small childrenwere drawn using pen tool and
appropriate color is filled.
The frames were
ordered by showing the movement of the band towards the bird’s cage.
Step 11
Now the scene denotes that the baby parrot
is grown up. This is down as filling the gradient effect to the background and
the parrot is drawn using pen tool and the color to the parrots is applied. Now
the eye of the parrot is moved by pressing shift key +right arrow and the steps
is reversed by pressing the shift key + left arrow mark this is done in single
by exactly the 2 small children’s were drawn using pen tool and the color is
filled.
Step 12
With the same background the parrot is
shown as flying out due to the girl opens the cage. This is drawn using pen
tool and the appropriated color is filled. This is done by the sequence of
frames.
Step 13
Now a new scene is created and it is
animated as the parrot is flying towards the free and talking with children
here it is created is with same background the parrot is drawn using pen tool
and appropriate color is given and animation is done by the sequence of frames
and the animation is created.
SOFTWARE
Adobe
Photoshop
Adobe Photoshop
is a graphics-editing
program developed and published by Adobe Systems
Incorporated.
Adobe's 2003 "Creative Suite"
rebranding led to Adobe Photoshop 8's renaming to Adobe Photoshop CS. Thus,
Adobe Photoshop CS5 is the 12th major release
of Adobe Photoshop. The CS rebranding also resulted in Adobe offering numerous
software packages containing multiple Adobe programs for a reduced price. Adobe
Photoshop is released in two editions: Adobe Photoshop, and Adobe
Photoshop Extended, with the Extended having extra 3D image creation,
motion graphics editing, and advanced image analysis features. Adobe Photoshop
Extended is included in all of Adobe's Creative Suite offerings except Design
Standard, which includes the Adobe Photoshop edition.
ADOBE
FLASH CS4
Adobe Flash (formerly Macromedia Flash) is a multimedia platform used to add animation, video,
and interactivity to
web pages. Flash is frequently used for advertisements, games and flash animations
for broadcast. More recently, it has been positioned as a tool for "Rich Internet Applications" ("RIAs"). Flash
manipulates vector
and raster
graphics to provide animation of text, drawings, and still images.
It supports bidirectional streaming
of audio and video, and it can capture user input via mouse, keyboard,
microphone, and camera. Flash contains an object-oriented language called ActionScript and
supports automation via the JavaScript Flash language (JSFL). Flash content may
be displayed on various computer systems and devices, using Adobe Flash Player, which is available free of charge for
common web browsers, some mobile phones, and
a few other electronic devices (using Flash Lite). Some
users feel that Flash enriches their web experience, while others find the
extensive use of Flash animation, particularly in advertising, intrusive and
annoying, giving rise to a cottage industry
that specializes in blocking Flash content. Flash has also been criticized for
adversely affecting the usability of web pages.
SCRIPT FOR PEYSUM
KILI
SHOT NO.
|
AUDIO
|
VIDEO
|
SHOTS
|
1.
|
Background music
|
Showing the house.
|
Zoom in
Shot
|
2.
|
Background music
|
Showing the members of the house.
|
Zoom out
Shot
|
3.
|
Background music
|
Showing the tree from bottom to top.
|
Tilt up shot
|
4.
|
Background music
|
Small parrot sitting on the tree, big
parrot is coming.
|
Mid shot
|
5.
|
Amma: Haichellamenna ma navaruvean nu
pathutirukiya.
Parrot: Nanumunnamathriparakunum nu
asayairukuamma(after one day)
|
Showing the tree where two parrot
talking.
|
Zoom in shot
|
6.
|
Background music
|
Small parrot is trying to fly.
|
Mid shot
|
7.
|
Background music
|
Parrot fall down.
|
Tilt down shot
|
8.
|
Child: Ai kili
|
Showing the two children.
|
Mid shot
|
9.
|
Background music
|
They have trapped the parrot in a
cage.
|
Mid shot
|
10.
|
Two sisters:1.
Akkakiliyaveliyavidulama
2. Veliyavittaparanthurum,
Rakkaiyaiveynumnavettivelieyvidalam.
1.Akka veyraengayumpogathukili,
koonduku than varum.
2.Sari veyliyavidu.
Parrot: Ennaioreyoruthadavaithirumbaparakaveylieyvidunga.
|
Both of them are talking.
|
Zoom in
Shot
|
11.
|
Background music
|
They are opening the cage.
|
Mid shot
|
12.
|
Background music
|
Showing the parrot as flying.
|
Mid shot
|
13.
|
Parrot: Engalaikoondukulaadaikathinga,
nangaparaka than irukiromengalasugantharamaparakavidunga.
|
Parrot flew away.
|
Mid shot
|
